MENOPAUSE AND MENSTRUATION
If conception does not take place the ovary continues to produce progesterone and oestrogen until approximately the 24th day of the cycle. At this point the communication mechanism is again activated by the falling oestrogen and progesterone levels. The hypothalamus reduces its controlling releasing hormone to the pituitary gland, which in turn decreases the supply of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinising hormone to the ovary. Consequently, during the last three days of the cycle there is a dramatic reduction in both oestrogen and progesterone which causes a decrease in blood flow to the uterus. Cell destruction results, and the unnourished uterine lining is shed. The menstrual flow begins as the unwanted endometrium is discarded.
Menstruation is often accompanied by cramps contractions of the muscle wall of the uterus as it squeezes the endometrium free and assists in its expulsion. The damaged endometrial cells release hormone-like substances called prostaglandins. These have been shown to be of immense importance in the overall balance mechanism of the body.
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Womens health

 
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PUBERTY
All of a sudden, strange things start to happen to our young Miss as she begins to grow up.
It can commence anywhere from nine years of age onwards. In recent years, for reasons unknown, it seems to be commencing at a younger and younger age in western lands. No doubt it is tied up with today's sophisticated way of living, earlier psychological development and earlier mental stimulation, all of which play a potent part. It is referred to as puberty.
Suddenly the system starts to develop potent chemicals, called sex hormones, and these have a rapid and far-reaching effect on many parts of the system.
Suddenly breast development commences. The unnoticed, flat, pinkish nipples become more marked, rounded and protrude as they rapidly increase in size. This is most noticeable between the ages of 8 and 15. Pubic hair commences to grow, this becoming obvious in the 8-14 age group at any time. Underarm hair also makes an appearance.
Menstrual periods make a tentative start, and anywhere from 10 to 161?2 years they will become more and more regular. There is usually a dramatic increase in height; this is called a 'height spurt' and takes place in the 9-141?2 age bracket.
The skinny, school-age child is transformed within a few short years into a modern young woman of vastly different appearance and shape. Most tend to put on weight, but there is an alteration of the system's fat deposits, giving the body the characteristic female curves which tend to remain for life. In brief, Nature has transformed her into an adult, with the physical and psychological issues that this involves.
But although the ages quoted are 'averages', the range is enormous and varied. Many develop sexually at an early age. Others are late developers, and often they may reach the age of 18 or 20 before some of the typical secondary sexual characteristics (as the doctors say) have appeared. This is especially so in regard to breast development.
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Womens health

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